POLIMER CHIQINDILARINING TERMIK PARCHALANISH JARAYONINI KINETIK TAHLIL QILISH VA EKALOGIK AHAMIYATI
Keywords:
Kalit so‘zlar: polimer chiqindisi, termik parchalanish, kinetik tahlil, Arrenius tenglamasi, faollanish energiyasi, “Tar” mahsuloti, politsiklik aromatik gidrokarbonlar (PAH), TG-DTG, reaksiya mexanizmi.Abstract
Xalqaro miqyosda polimer materiallar yillik ishlab chiqarilishi 400 million tonnani tashkil etib, bu moddalarning turli sohalardagi keng qamrovli foydalanishini namoyon etadi. Ammo bu rivojlanish bilan birga muhim muammolar paydo bo‘ldi, jumladan, yuksak darajadagi chiqindilar ombori va ularning atrof-muhitga ta’siri. Polimer zavodlari, ayniqsa gazdan polimer olish zavodlari, shu chiqindilarning eng katta manbalaridan biri hisoblanadi. Bu chiqindilar asosan “tar” mahsulotlar, ya’ni polimerlashtirish jarayonida reaksiyadan holi qolgan, bajaruvchi komponentlardan tashkil topgan kompleks qattiq moddalardir. Tar mahsulotlar asosan fenollar (45%) va politsiklik aromatik gidrokarbonlar (PAH, 31%) dan iborat bo‘lib, ular oson parchalanmaydigan va xavfligicha to'yingan birikmalar tarkibiga ega. Shunday qilib, tar mahsulotlaridan muhofaza qilish ekologik va iqtisodiy jihatdan muhim muammo hisoblanadi [8:1169].
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