RESUSCITATION MEASURES IN NEONATAL ASPHYXIA: CLINICAL APPROACHES, RISK FACTORS, AND PREVENTIVE STRATEGIES

Abstract

Neonatal asphyxia remains one of the leading causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. It is characterized by impaired gas exchange resulting in hypoxemia, hypercapnia, and metabolic acidosis, which may lead to multi-organ dysfunction and long-term neurological impairment. Despite advances in perinatal care, early recognition and timely resuscitation remain critical determinants of outcome. This article reviews the pathophysiology, risk factors, diagnostic criteria, and evidence-based resuscitation strategies for neonatal asphyxia, with particular emphasis on delivery room management and preventive approaches. International guidelines and clinical experience are integrated to provide a practical framework for clinicians involved in neonatal care.